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Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley (June 11, 1874 – December 24, 1947) was an American psychologist and pioneer in the studies of gender differences as well as childhood education and welfare.〔King, D. Brett., Viney, Wayne., Woody, William. D. (January 2008). A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context. Fourth Edition. Allyn & Bacon, Inc.〕 ==Life and education== Woolley was born on November 6, 1874 in Englewood, Illinois as Helen Bradford Thompson. The middle of three children to parents David and Isabella (née Perkins) Thompson, she graduated first in her class from Englewood High School in 1893 with a ninety-seven percent average for her four years. Her interests in what would eventually turn into her future work peaked during her high school career as well, as evident by her self-written valedictory essay, “The Advance Towards Individual Freedom by the Aid of Intervention”.〔Milar, K.S. (August, 1999). “A Coarse and Clumsy Tool”: Helen Wooley and the Cincinnati Vocation Bureau. History of Psychology; 2(3): 219-235. Retrieved on November 30, 2008 from, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&term=Wooley%20HT%5BPS%5D〕 Because of her high academic standing in high school, she earned a full scholarship to the University of Chicago, which she attended whilst living at home. After being offered a scholarship in psychology in her junior year and earning her bachelor’s degree in the subject in 1897, she went on to do graduate work within her field (as well as philosophy and neurology) with professionals such as James Angell, John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, and Henry Donaldson. It was during this time as a graduate student that she published her first papers in all three fields.〔 In 1900, Woolley graduated summa cum laude with a Ph.D., also from the University of Chicago. An already exceptional accomplishment, she also managed to be among the first generation of women to receive a doctorate degree in experimental psychology. Her doctoral dissertation assessed the differences between the sexes, a very controversial subject for a woman of her time to be writing about.〔 In 1901, Woolley decided to leave Illinois and accepted a teaching position at an all women’s school, Mount Holyoke College, in South Hadley, Massachusetts. The college itself is considered to have been founded by an innovator in the area of women’s education, Mary Lyon. She continued to work at the college until 1905, when she married Paul Gerhardt Woolley, MD and became Helen Thompson Woolley. The newly married couple moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where Woolley’s focus became geared toward vocational guidance. Also during her time in Cincinnati, Woolley served as the director of the Vocation Bureau of public schools from 1911 to 1921, and was both the first psychologist and the first woman to hold such a title.〔 After her departure from Cincinnati in 1921, she and her husband moved to Detroit, Michigan where she eventually found herself working at the Merrill-Palmer School, and co-developing the Merrill-Palmer Mental Scale for Children〔Walsh, Bruce W., Savickas, Mark. (2005). Handbook of Vocational Psychology: Third Edition. Retrieved on 1 December 2008 from, http://books.google.com/books?id=nPVWLALefOEC&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=helen+woolley+functionalist&source=web&ots=oeQStYuAYD&sig=blr5DBTN4bsRqhd7EmErwwW4Gnc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result〕 until 1926, when she moved to New York, New York to work at the Child Welfare Institute at the Teachers College, Columbia University.〔 In 1930, an unexpected turn of events left Woolley with no choice but to resign from her job. Health problems, a divorce from her husband, and stress and anxiety stemming from the workplace took its toll on Woolley, and she suffered a serious mental breakdown and was unable to recover before her death.〔 On December 24, 1947, Woolley died at the age of 73 due to an aortic aneurysm.〔Milar, Katharine S. (2006) A Historical View of Some Early Women Psychologists and the Psychology of Women. Classics in the History of Psychology: Special Collections. Retrieved on 1 December 2008 from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Special/Women/characteristics.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Helen Thompson Woolley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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